To change your keyboard layout fast, just install setxkbmap with:
sudo apt-get install x11-xkb-utils
After this you can always change the keyboard layout with:
setxkbmap us
setxkbmap br
To do this automatically every time, extend your .bashrc with:
echo "setxkbmap us" >> ~/.bashrc
Now, open a new console and the US keyboard layout is activated. Don't worry if the small keyboard layout icon in the Ubuntu panel does not change.
Or change the following file and restart the computer
$ cat /etc/default/keyboard
# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="br"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS=""
BACKSPACE="guess"
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